फ़ fa, ज़ za) is on the rise even among non-urban Hindi speakers. But the acquisition of some of these consonants (e.g. On the other hand, the usage of these dotted consonants has always been controversial and a matter of debate, since several language scholars oppose their use in Hindi, as many speakers of Hindi simply pronounce them with their nearest allophonic variant क़ > क qa > ka, ख़ > ख k͟ha > kha, ग़ > ग ġa > ga, फ़ > फ fa > pha & ज़ > ज za > ja. The committee also suggested that in words where it was important to show the distinction, the nuqta graphemes must be used e.g. In words where traditional spellings have replaced them with nearest allophonic variant (nativized), the nativized spelling should be retained e.g. The committee suggested that these graphemes should be used when & where required. Out of these 5, फ़ fa & ज़ za are the most commonly used in published literature, while the rest are less common.Īccording to government of India’s Language Standardization Committee for Hindi – report of 1966 & 2010, all 5 are included in the modified varṇamālā of Hindi. There are 5 graphemes which we know as Nuqta consonants in Hindi (written in Devanagari) – क़, ख़, ग़, फ़ & ज़ which are used for writing mainly borrowed words.